Zika virus (ZIKV)
Zika virus (ZIKV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a mosquito-transmitted Flavivirus that contains several vector-borne viruses that cause disease worldwide such as dengue, yellow fever, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, and tick-borne encephalitis viruses. Zika virus has arisen as a pathogen of substantial public health importance that was initially discovered in 1947. ZIKV has […]
Stress Breeding
Global warming and rapid increase in population growth are responsible for abiotic and biotic stresses, affecting crop growth and yield. Abiotic stress is the major yield-limiting factor for crop plants including temperature extremes, drought, salt, and heavy metals. They largely influence crop productivity and sustainability worldwide. Abiotic stress results in the disruption of ion distribution […]
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR)
New therapeutic entities are identified through the process of drug discovery and development with a goal to improve life’s quality and to reduce suffering to a minimum. Despite advances in biotechnology, it is very complex, time-consuming, and resource-intensive. Over the past decades, technology in the healthcare industry has rapidly changed. Researchers are applying computational abilities […]
Protein Dynamics
Proteins are dynamic entities in cellular solution which perform a remarkably large number of functions within cells and as such are the materials central to cellular function. The central dogma of structural biology is that a folded protein structure is essential for its biological function like enzyme mechanisms and regulation, transport across membranes, the building […]
Plant Breeding
Plant breeding is a branch of agriculture based on principles of genetics and cytogenetic that focuses on improving the genetic makeup of the crop plants for use by society. This branch is an essential pre-requisite in the field of plant biotechnology which can be used to identify and select desirable traits in plants and further […]
Pathophysiology of Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder, associated with raised plasma glucose concentration and disturbance of glucose, carbohydrates, lipids, and protein metabolism. It is a various group of disorders identified by the presence of chronic hyperglycemia which can be categorized into type 1 diabetes mellitus (which is immune-mediated or idiopathic) and type 2 diabetes mellitus […]
Nutritional Sciences
Human nutrition is the process through which nutrients that are biomolecules such as vitamins, proteins, and trace elements present in the food substances are transported to the body tissues thus accelerating biological activity including physical and mental essential for human life. The field of nutritional science is interdisciplinary in character, promoting optimal health, regulating chemical […]
Neonatal Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of conditions where the body does not produce enough insulin. This metabolic disorder can be characterized by disturbed metabolism of carbohydrate, protein, and fat. This syndrome can be classified into prediabetes, Type 1, Type 2, and gestational diabetes. Prediabetes is the condition when the blood sugar is higher and it is most […]
Nanotoxicology
Nanotoxicology is a subfield of toxicology that deals with the assessment of the toxicological properties of nanoparticles with a diameter of less than 100 nm with the intention of determining whether they may pose an environmental threat. The gradually enhanced toxicity is due to their very high surface-to-volume (S/V) ratio making them highly reactive. The cell […]
Nanosensors
Nanosensors are emerging as a promising tool for food, agriculture, and energy applications. Compared with traditional sensors and their shortcomings they offer significant improvements in selectivity, speed, low-cost, near real-time detection, and sensitivity. Nanosensors are of three types- Mechanical Chemical Biological Nanomaterials having high electrical conductivity reduced upon binding or adsorption of a molecule. Once […]
Nanopore
The process involved in DNA sequencing is of figuring out the order of DNA bases. It applies to the human genome that allows scientists to sequence genes and genomes. DNA sequencing allows scientists to make accurate predictions about an endless number of areas such as genetic diseases, cancer, and immune systems and further how it […]
Nanoparticles
Nanoparticles (NPs) are a broad class of materials including particulate substances having one dimension at least less than 100 nm [1nm = 10-9m]. NPs can be classified into various classes based on their shapes, properties, size, and the morphological sub-structure of the substance. Based on their physiochemical properties, they can be broadly categorized into: Carbon-based […]