Nanoinformatics
Nanoinformatics is a nascent research field that covers raw data management and uses the practical application of informatics techniques for analyzing and processing information and knowledge on the physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles, nanomaterials, and nanodevices and their potential applications for nanomedicine. Substantial data is being generated in order to develop safe-by-design nanomaterials for their broad applications. Therefore, the informatics method is urgently required in the field of nanomedicine for collection, management, analysis, and modeling of a large amount of data and to present precise predictions of nanomaterial-biological interactions. Nanoinformatics is a rational approach of determining which information is relevant to the nanoscale science and to employ weight-of-the-evidence strategies such as identifying the significant design parameters in an almost infinite combinatorial space of nanoparticle formulations. This field has currently evolved to deal with the computing applications at the nano level and to overcome certain issues associated with managing the nanotechnology information such as-
- Defining nomenclatures and taxonomies
- Terminologies and ontologies
- Lack of adequate standard classifications for nanomaterials
- Data and text mining
- Research on new modeling techniques for nanoparticles
- Inadequate characterization of nanomaterials
- Nanoparticle characterization
- Modeling, simulation, and imaging
- Data Integration and Exchange
- Systems interoperability
- Basic and translational research
Computational modeling is a promising tool for understanding complex biological processes, investigating and optimizing nanoparticle size and shape, excitation wavelength, power, and tissue properties. Through this study, it is possible to manage each parameter separately and it is easier to simulate interactions under different conditions. Computational nanotechnology is an emerging research field concerned with the development of computer-based models for understanding and evaluating the properties of systems related to nanotechnology. Nanotechnology Working Group was established for semantic search and integration of nanomaterial datasets in nanomedicine. Its aim is to enable the semantic search of datasets and developing standard data exchange formats. Thematic Series is devoted to the development of databases such as eNanoMapper and NanoE-Tox which comprises the data related to the physicochemical properties and bioactivity of nanomaterials. Recent advances in data mining of nano-data and critical information for the environmental impact assessment of nanomaterials are also reported in Thematic series. New taxonomies and ontologies have been established for data collection, interpretation of data, information classification, search, and retrieval, ensuring data quality, data, and text mining. There are five challenging research areas that develop nanoinformatics and its significance to nanomedicine including software tools or repositories for nanoparticles; semantic interoperability of nano and additional information systems; integrative physiological programs; translational nanoinformatics and linking nanomedicine-related data to electronic health record of the patient.
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