Gene Regulation
Gene regulation refers to a broad range of mechanisms that cells use to control genes to be expressed in their DNA and further to make a functional product such as a protein. Cells respond and adapt to environmental signals by turning on or off the expression of appropriate genes. Gene expression is the process through […]
Food Biochemistry
Food is the basic human need, responsible for the normal performance of important functions that are crucial for human growth. Once consumed, it is mainly responsible for the production of energy, heat, replenishment, and growth material for the body. Food should not be considered only as a source of energy but it is a cost-effective […]
Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases
According to a report, World Health Organization (WHO) in 2007 warned that infectious diseases are emerging at an alarming rate that has been never seen before. The primary reason is people nowadays are traveling far greater distances more frequently, causing emerging infectious diseases to spread rapidly. Other reasons include numerous changes in demographics, industrialization, animal […]
Ebola
Ebola virus disease (EVD), earlier referred to as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, caused by the Ebola virus, one of the most virulent pathogens, is a rare, deadly disease and often fatal illness in humans and other primates. The transmission of the virus to people is from wild animals such as chimpanzees, fruit bats, and forest antelope […]
Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic people can have an eye disease which can be known as diabetic retinopathy. It is caused when high glucose levels damage tiny blood vessels in the retina which is a thin, light-sensitive layer of tissue of the eye. In this disease, blood vessels can further swell and leak fluid. Abnormal growth of new blood […]
Diabetic Neuropathy
Diabetic neuropathy, a nerve disorder is a debilitating consequence of diabetes. It is the most prevailing complication of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes that can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Nerves are damaged in this disease which is caused by long-term high blood glucose levels. Diabetic neuropathy has affected approximately 30% of diabetic patients. […]
Diabetic Nephropathy
Diabetes is a worldwide epidemic that has led to widespread macro and microvascular complications associated with it including chronic kidney disease. Diabetic nephropathy is a major kidney-related complication resulting from diabetes characterized by the presence of pathological quantities of urine albumin excretion, diabetic glomerular lesions, and loss of glomerular filtration rate leading to kidney failure […]
Diabetic Depression
Diabetic depression is a serious mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest or pleasure in previously enjoyed activities leading to a variety of emotional and physical problems. Conferring to the World Health Organization, depression is the key cause of ill health worldwide. It can affect people of almost every […]
Diabetes Therapy
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia which poses a serious threat to mankind. It poses a significant burden to patients and is mainly caused by decreased insulin activity or insulin secretion. Recent reports have suggested that approximately 387 million people are affected by diabetes mellitus globally. Population survey by the World […]
Diabetes Lipid Metabolism
Dyslipidemia is a common feature of diabetes characterized by hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) with decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. This condition includes hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-C, and mildly elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-C which appears to be more atherogenic. Dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia play fundamental roles in clinical medicine thereby, mediating the risk of cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. […]
CRISPR Technology
Genome editing technology has always been a challenging area, which holds great promise for genome manipulation and gene therapy. Conventionally, zinc-finger nucleases and transcription activator-like effector nucleases were used for genome editing. Over the last few years, CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) restoration system is considered as one of the most significant players […]
COVID-19
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a new coronavirus also called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which represents the causative agent of respiratory illness. The first time it was identified in Wuhan City, China in December 2019. Droplets and contact are the main means of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and […]